This is a sequence of animations broken into five parts on the topic of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
  1. Part 1 of 6:
  2. The on-screen text says "Attachment refers to the close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers. Children eventually form attachments to many people, but a child’s first important attachment usually occurs with his or her mother because she is typically the main caregiver in the early months of life."
  3. Part 2 of 6:
  4. The on-screen text says "Infants’ attachments to their mothers is not instantaneous. Initially, babies can be handed over to strangers such as babysitters with little difficulty. This situation gradually changes. By about 6–8 months of age, infants begin to show a pronounced preference for their mother’s company and emotional distress when separated from her, a condition called separation anxiety."
  5. Part 3 of 6:
  6. The on-screen text says "Why do children gradually develop a special attachment to their mothers? This question has been the subject of theoretical debate. Behaviorists have argued that the infant-mother attachment develops because mothers are associated with the powerful, reinforcing event of being fed. Thus, the mother becomes a conditioned reinforcer."
  7. Part 4 of 6:
  8. The on-screen text says "However, this reinforcement theory of attachment came into question as a result of Harry Harlow’s famous studies of attachment in infant rhesus monkeys. Harlow removed monkeys from their mothers at birth and raised them in the laboratory with two types of artificial mothers. One type of artificial mother was made of terrycloth which was ideal for cuddling, whereas the other type was made of wire and could not provide contact comfort."
  9. Part 5 of 6:
  10. The on-screen text says "Half the infant monkeys were fed from a bottle attached to a wire mother, and the other half were fed by a cloth mother. The young monkeys’ attachment to their substitute mothers was measured by monitoring how much time they spent with each and observing which mother they would flee to when a frightening stimulus was introduced. The results revealed that the young monkeys were far more attached to their cloth mothers, even if they were not fed by them, thus undermining the reinforcement explanation of attachment."
  11. Part 6 of 6:
  12. The on-screen text says "An alternative theory of attachment rooted in evolutionary theory was soon proposed by John Bowlby. Bowlby argued that infants are biologically programmed to emit behavior—such as smiling, cooing, and clinging—that triggers an affectionate, protective response from adults. Bowlby also asserted that adults are biologically wired by evolution to be captivated by this behavior and to respond with warmth, love, and protection. Obviously, these reactions would be adaptive in terms of promoting children’s survival."
  13. End of animated sequence.